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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Transbase

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.11
Rank#341  Overall
#150  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextMicrosoftTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release2017200020141987
Current release10.4, October 2023Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJavaScriptyes
TriggersnonoJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTransbase
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTransbase
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