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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsrethinkdb.comspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsrethinkdb.com/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20172010201620092014
Current release2.4.1, August 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CC++C++Scala
Server operating systemshosted.NEThostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQLno
TriggersnononoClient-side triggers through changefeedsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding inforange basedyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDAtomic single-document operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyes infousers and table-level permissionsno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRethinkDBSpark SQL
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