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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.graphengine.iohsqldb.orgrealm.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlrealm.io/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release2017201020012014
Current release2.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJava
Server operating systemshosted.NETAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJava, SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersnonoyesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBRealm
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Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google Cloud just fired a major volley at AWS as the cloud wars heat up
12 October 2023, TechRadar

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

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Trinity
2 June 2023, microsoft.com

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IBM releases Graph, a service that can outperform SQL databases
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27 February 2019, Data Science Central

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