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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.graphengine.iohsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2017201020012016
Current release2.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaC++
Server operating systemshosted.NETAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJava, SQLTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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