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DBMS > etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. HugeGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. HugeGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonHugeGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument storeGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score0.13
Rank#336  Overall
#32  Graph DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
firebase.google.com/­products/­firestoregithub.com/­hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
firebase.google.com/­docs/­firestorehugegraph.apache.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleBaiduOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOpenLink Software
Initial release2017201819941998
Current release3.4, August 20190.918.1.40, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedLinux
macOS
Unix
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoalso supports composite index and range indexyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
Groovy
Java
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsasynchronous Gremlin script jobsnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes, watching key changesyes, with Cloud Functionsnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes infodepending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBasenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replicationyes infodepending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBaseSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoUsing Cloud Dataflowvia hugegraph-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoedges in graphnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Users, roles and permissionsnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdGoogle Cloud FirestoreHugeGraphOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
etcdGoogle Cloud FirestoreHugeGraphOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
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