DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Snowflake vs. Solr vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Snowflake vs. Solr vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	42.91
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.snowflake.com

solr.apache.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

solr.apache.org/resources.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2008

2014

2006

2019

Current release

9.6.0, April 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

user defined functions

Java plugins

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

similar concept for controling cloud resources

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

optimistic locking

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

yes

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