DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. SwayDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

An embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.04
Rank	#387	Overall
	#61	Key-value stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Apache Software Foundation

Stardog-Union

Simer Plaha

Initial release

2008

2004

2014

2010

2018

Current release

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GNU Affero GPL V3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Scala

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

Java
Python
R
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Java
Kotlin
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Atomic execution of operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users and roles

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