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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.comtempoiq.com (offline)trafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.comtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-UnionTempoIQApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201020122014
Current release16.3, May 20247.3.0, May 20202.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaC++, Java
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Servernoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavanoJava Stored Procedures
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyes infovia event handlersyes infoRealtime Alertsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyes inforelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolessimple authentication-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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More resources
Google Cloud DatastorePostgreSQLStardogTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDBTrafodion
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