DBMS > atoti vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sphinx vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison atoti vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sphinx vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An in-memory DBMS combining transactional and analytical processing to handle the aggregation of ever-changing data.

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Open source search engine for searching in data from different sources, e.g. relational databases

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Object oriented DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Search engine

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.51
Rank	#245	Overall
	#11	Object oriented DBMS

Score	3.62
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	5.72
Rank	#56	Overall
	#5	Search engines

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

atoti.io

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.postgresql.org

sphinxsearch.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.atoti.io

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

sphinxsearch.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

ActiveViam

Google

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Sphinx Technologies Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2008

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2001

2019

Current release

16.4, August 2024

3.5.1, February 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free versions available

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial licence available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
NetBSD
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

full-text index on all search fields

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (SphinxQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Proprietary protocol

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C++

unofficial client library
Java
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby

unofficial client library

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Python

using Google App Engine

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

Partitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supported

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

The original contents of fields are not stored in the Sphinx index.

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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