DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Vector DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.62
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	0.79
Rank	#208	Overall
	#98	Relational DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	2.28
Rank	#106	Overall
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.postgresql.org

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

doc.nuodb.com

www.postgresql.org/docs

qdrant.tech/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Qdrant

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2008

2013

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2021

2019

Current release

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

Java, SQL

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Collection-level replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Key-based authentication

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