DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. MaxDB vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. MaxDB vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.13
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	2.15
Rank	#115	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#61	Key-value stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

maxdb.sap.com

www.stardog.com

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Stardog-Union

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2008

1984

2010

2020

Current release

7.9.10.12, February 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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