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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostGIS vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostGIS vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Spatial extension of PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorecloud.google.com/­spannerpostgis.netwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docspostgis.net/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2008201720051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4.2, February 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCC
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Enginenouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQLpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Google Cloud DatastoreGoogle Cloud SpannerPostGISPostgreSQL
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