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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TerminusDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TerminusDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Widely used in-process key-value storeRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlterminusdb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywhereterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSAP infoformerly SybaseDataChemist Ltd.OpenLink Software
Initial release20151994199220181998
Current release18.1.40, May 202017, July 201511.0.0, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Prolog, RustC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perlyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneGraph Partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringJournaling StreamsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableOracle Berkeley DBSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableOracle Berkeley DBSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVirtuoso
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