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DBMS > etcd vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelKey-value storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
cloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleIBMMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20151983 infohost version20012016
Current release3.4, August 201912.1, October 201611.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial infofree version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC and C++C++C++
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyes, watching key changesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
etcdGoogle Cloud BigtableIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2MarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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