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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablehsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2015200120192004
Current release2.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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