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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Document storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.harperdb.iowww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsorientdb.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleHarperDBMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release20152017200120162010
Current release3.1, August 202111.0, December 20223.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageNode.jsC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemaschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyes infoJSON data typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infoSQL92yesSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1yes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLJava, Javascript
TriggersnonoyesnoHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyesyesMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsAtomic execution of specific operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableHarperDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOrientDB
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