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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. StarRocks

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. StarRocks

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache Doris
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.83
Rank#67  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.93
Rank#198  Overall
#93  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webmaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.starrocks.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iomaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_intro
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997MicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince Feb 2023
Initial release20152006198420192020
Current release7.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases2.5.3, March 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languagePythonC++C++, Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoNumeric data onlyyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API
Sockets
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
MySQL protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)noneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole based access control and fine grained access rights

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGraphiteMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStarRocks
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