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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. Immudb vs. LMDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. Immudb vs. LMDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.immudb.iowww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisCodenotarySymasOpenLink Software
Initial release20152006202020111998
Current release1.2.3, April 20220.9.32, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languagePythonGoCC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like syntaxnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API
Sockets
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonononoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)noneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableGraphiteImmudbLMDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGraphiteImmudbLMDBVirtuoso
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