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DBMS > etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Immudb

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Immudb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score0.74
Rank#223  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.mcobject.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.immudb.io
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperMcObjectGoogleOntotextCodenotary
Initial release2001201520002020
Current release3.4, August 20198.2, 202110.4, October 20231.2.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC and C++JavaGo
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenonono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like syntax
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityno
Triggersyes, watching key changesyes infoby defining eventsnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning / shardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMImmudb
Specific characteristicseXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantageseXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more
GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customersSchneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsWith hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
» more
GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsFor server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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