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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Spatial extension of H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ontotext.comwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextCNRSMicrosoftAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20152000201320192008
Current release10.4, October 2023cloud service with continuous releases5.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoLGPL 3.0commercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedserver-less
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infobased on H2Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replicationyes infobased on H2yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.yes infobased on H2Azure Active Directory Authenticationno
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpatiaLite
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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