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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. Hive vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. Hive vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation enginedata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.graphengine.iohive.apache.orgwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20152010201220012016
Current release3.1.3, April 202211.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaC++C++
Server operating systemshosted.NETAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C++
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesselectable replication factoryesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnonoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHiveMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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