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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ReductStore

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ReductStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonReductStore  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerDesigned to manage unstructured time-series data efficiently, providing unique features such as storing time-stamped blobs with labels, customizable data retention policies, and a straightforward FIFO quota system.
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#384  Overall
#44  Time Series DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­reductstore
www.reduct.store
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.reduct.store/­docs
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftReductStore LLC
Initial release20152017200120162023
Current release11.0, December 20221.9, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoBusiness Source License 1.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++, Rust
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedDocker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
C++
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseReductStore
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