DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#158	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.sadasengine.com

www.stardog.com

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

Microsoft

SADAS s.r.l.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2010

1989

2006

2010

2009

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.0

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free trial version available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

AIX
Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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