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DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. StarRocks

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. StarRocks

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataAn open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache Doris
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score60.38
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score121.33
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score1.04
Rank#189  Overall
#88  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigqueryazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.snowflake.comwww.starrocks.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_intro
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSnowflake Computing Inc.The Linux Foundation infosince Feb 2023
Initial release201020161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142020
Current release16.3, May 20242.5.3, March 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++, Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
MySQL protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsuser defined functions
Triggersnonoyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyeshorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationRole based access control and fine grained access rights

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More resources
Google BigQueryMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLSnowflakeStarRocks
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