DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. HBase vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. HBase vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

hbase.apache.org

rdf4j.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2010

2008

2004

2019

Current release

2.3.4, January 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Coprocessors in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

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