DBMS > eXtremeDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2GIS vs. Neo4j vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison eXtremeDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2GIS vs. Neo4j vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Spatial extension of H2

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#223	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	44.46
Rank	#23	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

www.mcobject.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.h2gis.org

neo4j.com

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

neo4j.com/docs

Developer

McObject

Google

CNRS

Neo4j, Inc.

Initial release

2001

2010

2013

2007

2009

Current release

8.2, 2021

5.19, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

based on H2

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning / sharding

none

yes using Neo4j Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

yes

based on H2

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

yes

based on H2

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.