DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. Netezza vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. Netezza vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Data warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystems

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	52.67
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	42.68
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	7.56
Rank	#48	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.h2database.com

neo4j.com

www.ibm.com/products/netezza

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

neo4j.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Thomas Mueller

Neo4j, Inc.

IBM

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2010

2005

2007

2000

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

5.23, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

included in appliance

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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Competitive advantages

Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenarios

Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customers

Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more

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