DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#232	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.graphengine.io

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2010

2014

2019

Current release

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

.NET and C

Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

.NET

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

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