this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.07
Rank	#377	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#380	Overall
	#50	Document stores
	#19	Object oriented DBMS

Score	89.10
Rank	#14	Overall
	#2	Search engines

Website

galaxybase.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

origodb.com

www.splunk.com

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

origodb.com/docs

docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk

Developer

Chuanglin(Createlink) Technology Co., Ltd 浙江创邻科技有限公司

Microsoft

Robert Friberg et al

Splunk Inc.

Initial release

2017

2019

2009

under the name LiveDB

2003

Current release

Nov 20, November 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial

Limited free edition and free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

Strong typed schema

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

User defined using .NET types and collections

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

can be achieved using .NET

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

Splunk Search Processing Language for search commands

APIs and other access methods

Browser interface
console (shell)
Graph API (Gremlin)
OpenCypher
Proprietary native API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

.NET Client API
HTTP API
LINQ

HTTP REST

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net

C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined procedures and functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Domain Events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

client side managed; servers are not synchronized

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

depending on model

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

A 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Write ahead log

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Role based authorization

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Enterprise Search Engines almost double their popularity in the last 12 months
2 July 2014, Paul Andlinger

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