DBMS > GBase vs. Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison GBase vs. Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.05
Rank	#186	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	1.27
Rank	#169	Overall
	#76	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.07
Rank	#372	Overall
	#57	Key-value stores

Website

www.gbase.cn

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

www.stardog.com

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.stardog.com

Developer

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Codenotary

Hughes Technologies

Stardog-Union

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2004

2020

1994

2010

2020

Current release

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

1.2.3, April 2022

4.4, October 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free licenses can be provided

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, Python

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

Standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like syntax

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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