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DBMS > GBase vs. H2 vs. Linter vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison GBase vs. H2 vs. Linter vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGBase  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.RDBMS for high security requirementsA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.gbase.cnwww.h2database.comlinter.ruwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Thomas Muellerrelex.ruSymasMicrosoft
Initial release20042005199020112019
Current releaseGBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c2.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, PythonJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLStandard with numerous extensionsyesyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#JavaC
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnonenonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
GBaseH2LinterLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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