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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. OpenSearch vs. QuestDB vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. OpenSearch vs. QuestDB vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache LuceneA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Search engineTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.94
Rank#192  Overall
#32  Document stores
#29  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score17.60
Rank#31  Overall
#4  Search engines
Score2.91
Rank#92  Overall
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score1.78
Rank#130  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score3.87
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
questdb.iowww.stardog.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbopensearch.org/­docs/­latestquestdb.io/­docsdocs.stardog.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBAmazon Web ServicesQuestDB Technology IncStardog-UnionOpenLink Software
Initial release20132021201420101998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.5.0, January 20237.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query languageSQL with time-series extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyyesnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)noneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesSource-replica replication with eventual consistencyMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonoyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID for single-table writesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infothrough memory mapped filesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBOpenSearchQuestDBStardogVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsOpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more
Competitive advantagesDistributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more
Typical application scenariosThe OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsThe OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more
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More resources
FoundationDBOpenSearchQuestDBStardogVirtuoso
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