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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tarantool vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tarantool vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#144  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.tarantool.iotinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftVK
Initial release2013201920082009
Current release6.2.28, November 2020cloud service with continuous releases2.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool EnterpriseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetFull-featured ANSI SQL supportno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocolTinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RLua, C and SQL stored proceduresno
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, cooperative multitaskingno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, write ahead loggingoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistenceyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
no

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More resources
FoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTarantoolTinkerGraph
DB-Engines blog posts

Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021,  Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor) 

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