DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Memgraph vs. Pinecone

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Memgraph vs. Pinecone

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

A managed, cloud-native vector database

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.89
Rank	#197	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#29	Key-value stores
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.54
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	3.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

memgraph.com

www.pinecone.io

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

memgraph.com/docs

docs.pinecone.io/docs/overview

Developer

FoundationDB

Memgraph Ltd

Pinecone Systems, Inc

Initial release

2013

2017

2019

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free and schema-optional

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

String, Number, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

APIs and other access methods

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Apple Acquires Durable Database Company FoundationDB
24 March 2015, TechCrunch

FoundationDB Record Layer: A Multi-Tenant Structured Datastore
25 July 2020, Apple Machine Learning Research

FoundationDB team’s new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
13 February 2024, SiliconANGLE

IBM Cloudant pulls plan to fund new foundational layer for CouchDB
15 March 2022, theregister.com

FoundationDB, a very interesting NoSQL database owned by Apple, is now an open-source project
19 April 2018, GeekWire

provided by Google News

NASA jettisons Neo4j database for Memgraph citing costs
7 May 2025, theregister.com

Memgraph 3.0 Delivers Streamlined Way to Build Enterprise-Specific GenAI and Agentic AI
10 February 2025, Business Wire

Memgraph 3 Simplifies Graph Based AI Projects
11 February 2025, i-programmer.info

Memgraph is Recognized as a Responsive Company in the Knowledge Graph Market by MarketsandMarkets' 360Quadrants
9 April 2025, MarketsandMarkets

SLM series - Memgraph: The SLM-knowledge graph combo
25 March 2025, Computer Weekly

provided by Google News

Pinecone turns unstructured data into knowledgeable AI for developers with Microsoft Azure
4 February 2025, Microsoft

Pinecone expands vector database with cascading retrieval, boosting enterprise AI accuracy by up to 48%
2 December 2024, VentureBeat

Pinecone integrates AI inferencing with vector database
2 December 2024, Blocks and Files

Pinecone Named to Fast Company's Annual List of the World's Most Innovative Companies of 2025
18 March 2025, PR Newswire

Pinecone Revamps Vector Database Architecture for AI Apps
27 February 2025, The New Stack

provided by Google News

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