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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.In-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#260  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release2013201420192016
Current release6.2.28, November 2020cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScriptC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possiblenono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
FoundationDBLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerarkDB
DB-Engines blog posts

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
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