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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Linter vs. PieCloudDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Linter vs. PieCloudDB vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonPieCloudDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.RDBMS for high security requirementsA cloud-native analytic database platform with new technologoy for elastic MPPVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score0.25
Rank#304  Overall
#138  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdblinter.ruwww.openpie.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBrelex.ruOpenPieOpenLink Software
Initial release201319901998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.1, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
Java
PL/SQL
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLuser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser Roles and pluggable authentication with full SQL StandardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBLinterPieCloudDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsPieCloudDB, OpenPie's flagship product, is a cutting-edge cloud-native data warehouse....
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesExtreme Elastic: PieCloudDB utilizes a cutting-edge eMPP cloud-native architecture...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosPieCloudDB is ideal for Data mining applications that require extreme scalability...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersSail-Cloud China Shipbuilding Group Haizhou System Soochow Securities ​etc.,
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsPieCloudDB Community Edition: Community License, Free Download, Self-Hosted Deployment;...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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FoundationDBLinterPieCloudDBVirtuoso
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