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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Sequoiadb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.sequoiadb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.lmdb.tech/­docwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=index
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleSymasSequoiadb Ltd.
Initial release2013201120112013
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.23, February 20210.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regex
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnononoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynonoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSON
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynonoJavaScript
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDDocument is locked during a transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnononosimple password-based access control

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More resources
FoundationDBLevelDBLMDBSequoiadb
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