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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Kinetica vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Kinetica vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#236  Overall
#109  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.kinetica.comwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.kinetica.comdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperFoundationDBKineticaMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20132012200120192016
Current release6.2.28, November 20207.1, August 202111.0, December 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, C++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMyes, with Range Indexesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users and roles on table levelRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
FoundationDBKineticaMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerarkDB
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