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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. InfluxDB vs. Ingres vs. LMDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. InfluxDB vs. Ingres vs. LMDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.DBMS for storing time series, events and metricsWell established RDBMSA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score24.39
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBActian CorporationSymasOpenLink Software
Initial release201320131974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20111998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.7.6, April 202411.2, May 20220.9.32, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availablecommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoCCC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingNumeric data and Stringsyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query languageyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JSON over UDP
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoyesnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoin enterprise version onlyhorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlyIngres ReplicatornoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoDepending on used storage enginenoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnosimple rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBInfluxDBIngresLMDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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