DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Sequoiadb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.97
Rank	#191	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#87	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	1.04
Rank	#184	Overall
	#84	Relational DBMS

Score	0.42
Rank	#263	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

www.sequoiadb.com

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

docs.immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

Developer

FoundationDB

Codenotary

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2020

1984

2013

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

1.2.3, April 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

HP Open VMS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

proprietary protocol using JSON

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

JavaScript

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

Document is locked during a transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

simple password-based access control

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

FoundationDB team’s new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
13 February 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Antithesis Launches Out Of Stealth To Revolutionize Software Reliability
13 February 2024, PR Newswire

Antithesis raises $47M to launch an automated testing platform for software
13 February 2024, TechCrunch

Apple's FoundationDB takes new Record Layer open source, confirms tech underpins CloudKit
14 January 2019, AppleInsider

Apple Acquires FoundationDB
24 March 2015, blogs.wsj.com

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A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

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14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

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10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

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23 March 2023, Forbes

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13 June 2023, Business Model Analyst

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4 May 2013, O'Reilly Media

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