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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems IRIS  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Cloud-based data warehousing serviceA containerised multi-model DBMS, interoperability and analytics data platform with wide capabilities for vertical and horizontal scalabilitySpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score3.54
Rank#84  Overall
#14  Document stores
#10  Key-value stores
#1  Object oriented DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousewww.intersystems.com/­products/­intersystems-irisspark.apache.org/­sqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.intersystems.com/­irislatest/­csp/­docbook/­DocBook.UI.Page.clsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBIBMInterSystemsApache Software FoundationOpenLink Software
Initial release20132014201820141998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202023.3, June 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++ScalaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Linux
macOS
Ubuntu
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesdepending on used data modelyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infoImport/export of XML data possibleyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyPL/SQL, SQL PLyesnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Coreyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesSource-replica replicationnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBInterSystems IRISSpark SQLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsInterSystems IRIS is a complete cloud-first data platform which includes a multi-model...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBInterSystems IRISSpark SQLVirtuoso
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