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DBMS > atoti vs. FoundationDB vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison atoti vs. FoundationDB vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameatoti  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAn in-memory DBMS combining transactional and analytical processing to handle the aggregation of ever-changing data.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelObject oriented DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.56
Rank#245  Overall
#10  Object oriented DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteatoti.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbhsqldb.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.atoti.ioapple.github.io/­foundationdbhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperActiveViamFoundationDBSymasMicrosoft
Initial release2013200120112019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.7.2, June 20230.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree versions availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLMultidimensional Expressions (MDX)supported in specific SQL layer onlyyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPythonin SQL-layer onlyJava, SQLnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnonenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
atotiFoundationDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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