DBMS > etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

Widely used in-process key-value store

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	5.97
Rank	#57	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/apple/foundationdb

hazelcast.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

FoundationDB

Hazelcast

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

SAP

Initial release

2013

2008

1994

2010

Current release

3.4, August 2019

6.2.28, November 2020

5.3.6, November 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Events

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

Replicated Map

Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

yes

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