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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSVector DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.01
Rank#89  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score1.48
Rank#149  Overall
#8  Vector DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.commilvus.iogithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerWeaviate B.V.
Initial release2013200520192019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20232.4.4, May 20241.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++JavaC++, GoGo
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesnoGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBH2MilvusWeaviate
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBH2MilvusWeaviate
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