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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Widely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerCodenotaryOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release2013200520201994
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20231.2.3, April 202218.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaGoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesSQL-like syntaxyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersnoyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
FoundationDBH2ImmudbOracle Berkeley DB
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