DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. NSDb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#369	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

nsdb.io

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

nsdb.io/Architecture

Developer

FoundationDB

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Initial release

2013

2005

2020

2017

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Using Apache Lucene

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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FoundationDB team's new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
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