DBMS > FoundationDB vs. gStore vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. gStore vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#359	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#18	RDF stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

en.gstore.cn

www.h2database.com

hsqldb.org

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

www.lmdb.tech/doc

Developer

FoundationDB

Thomas Mueller

Symas

Initial release

2013

2016

2005

2001

2011

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

1.2, November 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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