DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Graphite vs. LevelDB vs. OpenSearch vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Graphite vs. LevelDB vs. OpenSearch vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	16.36
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

graphite.readthedocs.io

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

opensearch.org/docs/latest

Developer

FoundationDB

Chris Davis

Google

Amazon Web Services

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2013

2006

2011

2021

2020

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

1.23, February 2021

2.5.0, January 2023

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

Python

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
Sockets

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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