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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Microsoft
Initial release2013200020102016
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaErlangC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users can be defined per databaseyes
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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