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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSVector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comwww.h2database.commilvus.iorethinkdb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdrethinkdb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextThomas MuellerThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20132000200520192009
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20232.2.220, July 20232.4.4, May 20242.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++, GoC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesnono
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
TriggersnonoyesnoClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsyes infousers and table-level permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMH2MilvusRethinkDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
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